T.S.S. Arandora Star WWII Torpedoed July 2, 1940 Sunk By German U-Boat Sugar Box

Description

T.S.S. Arandora Star
WWII Torpedoed July 2, 1940 Sunk By German U-Boat
British Blue Star Line. Condition is "Used". Shipped with USPS Priority Mail.
On 2 July 1940 she was sunk by a German U-boat with a large loss of life, 805 People.
Metal Sugar Dish 2” x 2” x 2”
SS Arandora Star, originally SS Arandora, was a British passenger ship of the Blue Star Line. She was built in 1927 as an ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship, converted in 1929 into a cruise ship and requisitioned as a troopship in the Second World War. At the end of June 1940 she was assigned the task of transporting Italian and German civilians among a small number of prisoners of war to Canada.
Arandora Star as a troop ship in 1940
Second World War service
When the Second World War broke out in September 1939, Arandora Star was en route from Cherbourg to New York. She returned to Britain via Halifax, Nova Scotia, where she joined the very first HX-series convoy, Convoy HX 1
At the end of September, the Admiralty assessed the ship at Dartmouth, Devon and decided she was unsuitable for conversion to an armed merchant cruiser. In December, she was ordered to Avonmouth where she was fitted with the Admiralty Net Defence anti-torpedo system, consisting of underwater wire mesh suspended from booms either side of the ship. She was fitted out at Avonmouth and then spent three months based at Portsmouth testing nets of various gauges in the English Channel. On tests the system was successful at catching torpedoes and reduced Arandora Star's speed by only 1 knot (1.85 km/h). In March 1940, the ship was sent to Devonport where the equipment was removed. She was then sent to Liverpool for orders.[7]
On 30 May, the ship left Liverpool for Norway to help evacuate Allied troops. She sailed unescorted to Harstad, where she embarked 1,600 personnel; most of them members of the Royal Air Force in addition to some French and Polish troops.[8] She left Harstad on 7 June[5] and took her evacuees to Glasgow.
On 14 June, the ship left Glasgow en route for Brest, in Brittany, to rescue troops and refugees. Continuous Luftwaffe attacks on the port and town prevented her from entering, and only 12 refugees managed to get out by boat to the ship. Arandora Star escaped with the aid of a destroyer, which provided anti-aircraft cover and came under heavy air attack. The liner took her handful of evacuees to Falmouth, where she bunkered. She then went to Quiberon Bay, on the Bay of Biscay, where she evacuated about 300 people from Saint-Nazaire on 17 June. Sources disagree whether she took these to Falmouth[8] or Plymouth.[5] Arandora Star's trip to Saint-Nazaire was fairly uneventful; the same day, Luftwaffe aircraft sank RMS Lancastria at the port killing several thousand people.
Arandora Star's next trip to France was to the southwest, near the border with Spain. There she found Bayonne under Luftwaffe attack, but assisted by a destroyer, she picked up about 500 people who were in an overloaded small craft adrift off the beach. These she took to Falmouth, before returning to the same area. She entered Saint-Jean-de-Luz, where some Polish troops were trapped. She embarked roughly 1,700 troops and refugees, including the Polish staff, and left just in time as Luftwaffe aircraft approached to bomb the town. She took her evacuees to Liverpool.
Sinking
What became Arandora Star's final voyage, was the transport of Italian and German internees as well as German prisoners of war to Canada. In Liverpool on 27–30 June, she embarked 734 interned Italian men, 479 interned German men, 86 German prisoners of war, and 200 military guards, in addition to her crew of 174 officers and men.[10] Her Master was Captain Edgar Wallace Moulton. The ship was bound for St John's, Newfoundland, and her internees for Canadian internment camps.
Sources disagree as to whether the ship left Liverpool on 30 June, or at 4 h on 2 July 1940. She sailed unescorted, and early on the morning of 2 July she was about 75 miles west of Bloody Foreland when she was torpedoed. U-47, commanded by Günther Prien, struck Arandora Star with a single torpedo. Prien believed the torpedo to be faulty,[11] but it detonated against Arandora Star's starboard side, flooding her aft engine room. All engine room personnel, including two engineer officers, were killed. Her turbines, main generators and emergency generators were all immediately put out of action and therefore knocked out all lights and communications aboard.
Chief officer Frederick Brown gave the ship's position to the radio officer, who transmitted a distress signal.At 7:05 hours Malin Head radio acknowledged the message and retransmitted to Land's End and to Portpatrick.
Lifeboats
Otto Burfeind
The cruise ship carried 14 lifeboats and 90 liferafts. The torpedo destroyed one starboard lifeboat and disabled the davits and falls of another. Two lifeboats were damaged during their launch and thus useless. The crew successfully launched the remaining 10 lifeboats and more than half the liferafts. Some lifeboats were overloaded by prisoners descending the falls and side ladders, but many of the Italians were afraid to leave the ship. At least four of the remaining lifeboats were launched with a very small number of survivors. One other lifeboat was swamped and sank shortly after being launched.
One of the internees was Captain Otto Burfeind, who had been interned after scuttling his ship, the Adolph Woermann. Burfeind stayed aboard Arandora Star organizing her evacuation until she sank and he was lost.
The ship listed further to starboard. At 7:15, Captain Moulton and his senior officers walked over the side into the rising water, leaving behind many Italians who were still afraid to leave the ship. At 7:20, the ship rolled over, raised her bow in the air and sank. 805 people were killed, including Captain Moulton, 12 of his officers, 42 of his crew and 37 of the military guards.[13]
"I could see hundreds of men clinging to the ship. They were like ants and then the ship went up at one end and slid rapidly down, taking the men with her… Many men had broken their necks jumping or diving into the water. Others injured themselves by landing on drifting wreckage and floating debris near the sinking ship"
— Sergeant Norman Price
Rescue
HMCS St. Laurent rescued 868 survivors from Arandora Star
At 9:30, an RAF Coastal Command Short Sunderland flying boat flew over and dropped watertight bags containing first aid kits, food, cigarettes, and a message that help was coming. The aircraft circled until 13:00, when the Canadian C-class destroyer HMCS St. Laurent arrived and rescued 868 survivors, of whom 586 were detainees. The injured were taken to Mearnskirk Hospital in Newton Mearns, Glasgow. One of the survivors was the athletics coach Franz Stampfl.
On 3 July, the UK War Cabinet received a report on the disaster. Its impact was overshadowed by the Royal Navy attack on Mers-el-Kébir, French Algeria, that sank elements of the French battle fleet. Throughout July and August, bodies were washed up on the Irish shore. On 30 July, the first body was found; 71-year-old Ernesto Moruzzi, who was found at Cloughglass, Burtonport. Four others were found on the same day. During August 1940, 213 bodies washed up on the Irish coast, of which 35 were from Arandora Star and a further 92 unidentified, potentially from the ship
Captain Moulton was posthumously awarded Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea. Captain Burfeind was posthumously cited for his heroism in the evacuation, and the Canadian commander Harry DeWolf was cited for his heroism in the rescue.
Wreck and memorials
SS Arandora Star is located in Oceans around British IslesSS Arandora Star
Approximate position of Arandora Star's wreck
The wreck's position is 56°30′N 10°38′W.
In the weeks following the Arandora Star's sinking many bodies of those who died were carried by the sea to various points in Ireland and the Hebrides. In the small graveyard of Termoncarragh, Belmullet, County Mayo, Luigi Tapparo, an internee from Edinburgh, and John Connelly, a Lovat Scout, lie buried side by side. Belmullet gardaí received a call from Annagh Head that another body had been found. From a service book on the body, Garda Sergeant Burns identified 27-year-old Frank Carter from Kilburn, London, a trooper in the Royal Dragoons. The body of Cesare Camozzi (1891–1940) from Iseo, Italy was washed ashore on the Inishowen peninsula, County Donegal and is buried at Sacred Heart graveyard, Carndonagh. 46 German civilian detainees, who were being shipped from England to Canada for internment when the ship sank, are buried in the German war cemetery in Glencree, County Wicklow. The body of EG Lane from Kingsteignton, Newton Abbot, Devon, England, a private in the Devonshire Regiment, was washed onto the beach near Ballycastle, County Mayo and is buried in the local cemetery. His grave was re-dedicated in 2009 by the Mayo Peace Park Committee.
An unidentified sailor, unrecognisable other than for a tattoo bearing the name "Chrissie", was washed ashore near Newhouse, on the Atlantic coast of Kintyre, Argyll and, after official investigation, buried at the local churchyard of Killean, Kintyre, Argyll.
A memorial chapel was built in a cemetery in Bardi, home town of 48 of the dead, and an annual commemorative mass is held in the town. A street in Bardi was renamed Via Arandora Star.
Memorial to the dead of the Arandora Star at St Peter's Italian Church, London, unveiled in 1960
St Peter's Italian Church in Clerkenwell, London, unveiled a wall memorial in 1960, and added a second memorial to London victims in 2012
Numerous bodies were found on the Scottish island of Colonsay. A memorial was unveiled on Colonsay on 2 July 2005, the 65th anniversary of the tragedy, at the cliff where the body of Giuseppe Delgrosso was found.
A bronze memorial plaque was unveiled on 2 July 2008 at the Church of Our Lady and St Nicholas, Liverpool. It was relocated to the Pier Head in front of the old Mersey Docks and Harbour Board building after building work was finished.
In 2009, the 69th anniversary of the sinking, the Mayor of Middlesbrough unveiled a memorial in the town hall commemorating the town's 13 interned Italians held in cells there prior to deportation and death on the Arandora Star's final voyages
On 2 July 2010, the 70th anniversary of the sinking, a new memorial was unveiled in St David's Roman Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral, Cardiff by the Arandora Star Memorial Fund in Wales.
Italian Cloister Garden Memorial by St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow
On the same day, 2 July 2010, a memorial cloister garden was opened next to St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Glasgow. Archbishop Mario Conti said at the time he hoped the monument would be a "fitting symbol" of the friendship between Scotland and Italy.
The wreck of one of the lifeboats remains visible at Knockvologan beach on the Ross of Mull, largely buried but with its iron suspension hooks still above the sand. Photographs of the lifeboat remains in 1969, as well as an eyewitness account by a Ms. Bella MacLennanin can be found in the citations A 2006 picture shows the build up of sand over time.
Arandora (1927–29)
Arandora Star (1929–40)
Owner: Blue Star Line
Port of registry: London
Route: London − South America
As a cruise liner, she made voyages to Norway, northern capitals, the Mediterranean and the West Indies among other destinations
Ordered: 1925
Builder: Cammell Laird & Co, Birkenhead
Yard number: 921
Launched: 4 January 1927
Completed: May 1927
In service: 1927
Out of service: 1940
Refit: 1929 as cruise liner by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering, Glasgow
1936 Main mast removed and accommodation extended to poop deck
Nickname(s):
"The Wedding Cake" or the "Chocolate Box", due to her paint scheme.
Fate: Torpedoed and sunk 2 July 1940
Class and type: Ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship (1927–29); cruise liner (1929–39); troop ship (1940)
Tonnage:
as built: 12,847 GRT
7,815 NRT
after refit: 14,694 GRT
8,578 NRT
Length: 512.2 feet (156.1 m)
Beam: 68.3 feet (20.8 m)
Height:
as built: 34.0 feet (10.4 m)
after refit: 42.5 feet (13.0 m)
Decks: 7 decks
Installed power: 2,078 NHP
Propulsion: four steam turbines, single reduction geared onto two propeller shafts
Speed: 16 knots (30 km/h)
Capacity:
Passengers: as built: 164 − 1st Class
as a cruise liner: 354 − 1st Class
Sister ships: Almeda Star, Andalucia Star, Avalona Star, Avila Star
Construction Peacetime service